started by his father, Samuel Bowles, as a weekly, in 1824. There was no daily in Massachusetts outside of Boston. The boy urged hard, and the father finally yielded. The daily first appeared March 27, 1844, as a four-page evening paper. It was a time of general awakening in the field of journalism. The telegraph had stirred the public to demand speedier movement of news. Mr. Bowles was quick to improve the opportunity. At first he did little political writing, not knowing his ability in that line. Not an easy writer, his articles were wrought out with care and patience. During the excitement following the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law, he claimed that the law should be respected, because it was law. But Douglas's Kansas-Nebraska bill so exasperated the North, that the general determination to abide by the compromise of 1850 was weakened, and people saw their duty towards the law in a different light. Mr. Bowles came to the front as a leader, and his editorials on the burning questions of the hour had much to do in shaping men's opinions. He had stood by the government in its rendition of the fugitive Simms, in Boston. Three years later, when Burns was returned, he said in the Republican. "The embittered feelings of the North receive fresh irritation, in new instances of the execution of the odious Fugitive Slave Law. . . . The bold aggressiveness of slavery is striking fatal blows at the perpetuity of the Republic, and accustoming the people of the North to serious calculations of the value of a connection which produces scenes so revolting to humanity and so odious to every decent feeling of liberty, while its government disregards and destroys other and higher interests that it may stimulate and extend that which is the parent of such scenes, and about whose existence clusters every form of evil, social degradation, and anti-republican doctrine. . . . The fugitive has been remanded. Law and order, and slavery and bayonets, and slave catchers triumph." Mr. Bowles took an influential part in the discussions that attended the breaking up of the old parties; it was through him, as much as through any other one man, that the need of a new party was made felt. But though a charter member of the Republican party, he was quick to strike it blows when it fell below his standard.
      Never a partisan, he aimed only at definite ends. Scarcely a statesman or journalist of his time knew so many leading men, and knew them so well. This was a great source of his power. He gained his knowledge of men and things by personal contact with men. Mr. Bowles had two directly opposite natures. Personally, he was a most delightful friend. His great heart beat warm with sympathy for any one whom he knew to be in trouble. He had a peculiar power of drawing people to him. But he had the power of severity to a remarkable degree toward those who