offended him or whose actions he did not approve. Through the columns of the paper he would criticise, in the severest manner, the acts of those whom he personally liked. "The Republican is one thing and Sam. Bowles is another, and you must not identify them," he would say to a friend who complained of his comments in the paper. "The pleasantest man to make up with that I ever knew," said a lifelong acquaintance. Some of his acts of kindness to those who had no claim upon him were possible only to a warm and sympathetic heart. Mr. Bowles died Jan. 16, 1878, leaving to his son Samuel the heritage of an honored name and an influential journal.
      The connection of Dr. Holland with the paper was a fortunate one. His literary genius and Mr. Bowles's ability, confidence, and fearlessness as an editor made it a power in the fields of politics, letters, and finance. The paper has always worked on the principle of doing well whatever it does. The managers have always followed the course that seemed to them right, without waiting to know the opinions of others. The Republican has been a training school for many who have passed on to positions of great responsibility. Dr. Holland afterwards founded Scribner's Magazine. Frank B. Sanborn has written Boston literary letters to the Republican for years. Gen. Francis A. Walker left the editorial staff to become in turn professor at Yale, U. S. Indian commissioner, superintendent of the census, and president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. George B. Smith went to important positions on Brooklyn and Chicago papers. Edward King has made himself famous as novelist, poet, and correspondent of the Boston Journal and New York Evening Post. Robert G. Fitch became an editor of the Boston Post. Charles R. Miller became editor of the New York Times. H. S. Underwood is the managing editor of the Boston Advertiser. C. H. Adams is a leading editorial writer on the Hartford Courant. This list could be doubled. Mr. Bowles was accustomed to speak of "our graduates." Among the special writers who have done work on the Republican are David A. Wells, Prof. A. L. Perry, Alice Cary, Kate Field, and Washington Gladden. "Warrington" made his reputation by his famous Boston letters to the Republican, and Bret Harte won his first literary distinction by his "California letters." If any bright young writer had anything to say that the world wanted to hear, he always found encouragement from the great editor.
      The editorial departments were never better organized than now. Samuel Bowles is the editor-in-chief and publisher. Solomon B. Griffin is the managing editor, coming directly to the Republican on graduation from Williams College in 1872. Charles G. Whiting, the literary editor, has been connected with the paper since 1868; and Ernest Howard, George A. Denison, W. L. Cook, David B. Howland, and Edward A. Hill are able newspaper men.
      The Springfield Union was started in 1864 by Edward Anthony, who conducted the paper for two years, when it passed into the hands of a stock company. It subsequently changed owners several times, but always fell into good hands. Till July, 1892, the Union was published as an evening and weekly paper. A more ambitious policy was then adopted, and a morning edition was added. Mr. A. P. Langtry is the present manager; and Mr. E. F. Giddings, the